Jacquard loom



(NoModeL) 3-Shets-Sheet 1 J. O. FRYER.

JAGQUARD L'OOM.

Patented May 9., 1882,.

.(No Model. 3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

J. 0. FRYER.

JAGQUARD LOOM.

UNITEDJ STATES Joan o.- FRYER, oF-LownLL, MASSACHUSETTS.

JACQUARD LooM.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N... 257,689, dated ma 9,1882. Application filed September 16, 1880. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, JOHN O. 'FRYER, ofLowell, in the county of Middlesex and Com- 7 monwealth ofMassachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inJacquard Looms, of which the following is a speci-f fication.

My invention consists in the combinations of the pattern-hooks with theprism, the stop,

and mechanism for giving to said prism and stop a reciprocating motionfor the purpose of raising all said hooks by said prism and stop 5 also,in the combination of the prism, pattern card, hooks, stop, andmechanism for giving to said prism, card, and 'stop a reciprocatingmotion at every other pick of the loom with the upper shuttle andmechanism for throw-" ing the same at every other pick to form a shedfor the upper shuttle; also,in the com-' bination of the prism,pattern-card, hooks,stop, and mechanism for giving to said prism, card,and stop a reciprocating motion at every other pick of the loom with theupper shuttle and mechanism for throwing the same at every other pick,and the lower shuttle and mechanism for throwing the same .at everypick,and harnesses and mechanism for operating them to form a fabricwith a figured face.

In the accompanying drawings, on three sheets, Figure l is an obliqueview of the jacquard mechanism in' connection with a 100m, the jacquardbeing secured to the under side of the floor-timbers of the 'room abovesaid loom. Fig. 2 is a detached view of the camshaft, with theoams whichgive motion to the shuttles, and two harness-cams, such as operate theharnesses. Fig. S'is a detached front view of a portion of thebatten-racks which opcrate the shuttles, with the shuttles in section toshow the racks on the shuttles and the pinions. Fig. 4 is a detachedview of two harnesses, with draw-wires, jacks, treadles, and cam-shaftwith harness-cams. Fig. 5 is a side elevation of the j acqu ardmeehanism,representing the side which is toward' the right-hand end ofFig. 1'. Fig. 6 is avertical cross-section of the jacquard mechanism,taken just back of the front end of the frame. Fig. 7 is an elevation ofthe front end of the jacquard mechanism and frame. Figs. 8 and 9represent vertical cross-sections of the breast-beam, batten, andharness-frames, and show also a warpbeam,a pattern-prism, reed,guide-board, stop, and two hooks, the parts above the dotted line ineach of said figures standing at right angles to their true, position inorder to .show them clearly, the prism being up in Fig. 8 and down inFig. 9, these figures illustrating how the silk thread of the uppershuttle is intro- .duced into the fabric and allowed to float on thesurface of the fabricto form a silk face for the same. Fig. 10represents the face of a fabric such as may be made by means of the-loomand jacquard herein described, the heavy black central portionsrepresenting the figure made by the thread of the upper shuttle.

A is the frame of the jacquard. .B,inste'ad of being swung in and outagainst needles which push the books out of range of the. rising griff,takes the place of the griff, which I dispense with, at least in oneView of the matter, and itself rises and falls, being car- .ried'up'atone pick and down at the next, herein differing from the grilf in commonuse, which rises and falls at each pick. In other words, my prism servesfor both prism and griff, it carrying pattern-cards O of the ordi- Theprism a griff. The prism is provided at one end with a ratchet-wheel, D,having as many teeth as there are faces of the prism, and at each fallof the prism the ratchet strikes a pawl, E, re: volving the prismoneface at atime, the prism being so placed that one face ishorizontally at the top, except when the prism is turning. Thecrank-shaft F turns once in every pick, and a gear, F, on thecrank-shaft has half as many teeth as the gear G, turning on a studfixed on the loom end or frame. like the one commonly used to raise andlower the griif, raises the slides B, in which the prism turns, and aconnecting-rod, G like that whichusually operates the griff-lever,connects the end of the lever G with a crank-pin on the gear G. Thehooks H stand vertica1ly,and to their lower ends are attached the cordsH, which lift the healds or heddles and raise the threads which form thefigure, in the usual manner. The upper ends of the hooks H are struck bythe card, where the same is unperfo-' rated, and so raise the cords,healds, and fig- A lever, G, 'j ust ure-threads. The hooks are kept inplace and are directed by passing through holes in the reed V andguide-board W, respectively.

The reed V is stationary and secured to the 5 jacquard-frame, and isprovidedwith two holes,

X, for each book, Fig.6, while the guide-board Wis provided with one setof holes, X, through which the bent ends of the hooks run, and rises andfalls with the two hooks nearest the ends of the prism, being secured tothese two hooks, which never enter the pattermcards, by the nuts Y onsaid hooks above and below said guide-board. The guide-board, beingsocured to the ends of the outer hooks, is of course at the ends of theother hooks when the prism is down,and,in conjunction with the reed,guides the ends of the hooks to the proper parts of the pattern-card andkeeps said hooks at theirproper distances from each other. The reed actsas a stop and support for the hooks when the prism is down, thehorizontal upper parts of the hooks at such times resting upon saidreed. (See Fig. 9.)

It will be seen thatIdispense with the needles commonly used in ajacquard mechanism, the bent ends of the hooks H entering the cardsvertically, similarly as the needles enter the cards horizontally, andthat, whereas the needles and cards of an ordinary jacquard merely throwsuch of the hooks as are not to be lifted out of the path of the risinggriif, the cards in this machine lift the hooks bytheupper ends of saidhooks.

With my machine, so far as the same has been above described, the sameresults that are produced with the ordinary jacquard can be effectedifthe prism be made to rise and fall at every pick; but, whereas only apart of the hooks arelifted by the griff of an ordinary jacquard whensaid griff rises once, I lift all the hooks whenever my prism rises, apart of said hooks being raised by the pattern-cards, as alreadyexplained, and the remainder of said hooks by a stop, I, which rises andfalls with the prism B and is parallel with the prism.

Said stop is placed below the top pattern-card, 0, directly under thehooks H, at a distance equal to the opening of the shed of thefigurethreads, and strikes the bent ends of the hooks not already raisedby said cards.

In Fig. 6 the part of the prism-shat" t I which lies between the ends ofthe prism serves as the stop I; but it is evident that if the diameterof the prism were less than the opening of the figure shed it would benecessary to place the stop below the prism and to support the prism byits ends or heads-that is, to break away so much of the prism-shaft asis within the prism, or else to have the prism turn on astationaryshaft,slotted or perforated vertically to admit the endsof the hooks, and toplace immediatelybelow the prism a horizontal piece supported by theslides which carry the prism, as in Figs. 8 and 9. WVhen the prism andconsequently all the hooks are down the figure-threads all lie in thesame 'hand end of the shaft the plane below the lower, K, of the twoshuttles, as in Fig. 9; but when the hooks are raised (a part of them toa greater height than the'rest, as described) the figure-threads form ashed forthe upper shuttle, K, while the warpthreads which belong to thebody of the fabric form a shed-for the lower shuttle, K, as in Fig. .8.The means for shedding the warps which form the body of the fabric areof wellknown construction, and consist of harnesses D Figs. 8 and 9,through which said warps pass, operated, as shown in Fig. 4, bydrawwires D D attached to the frames E of said harnesses, upper andlower jacks or pivoted levers, J J, treadles L and cams L secured to thecam-shaft S, said shaft S being provided with a gear, S, which takesinto a gear, F on the main or crank shaft, F as shown in Fig. 1, all ofthe parts forming the shedding mechanism being operated in the usualway. A part of the harnesses, if operated by larger cams, might form theshed for the upper shuttle. The motion of the shuttles K K is peculiar.The upper shuttle, K, is thrown at every other pick, and the lowershuttle, K, at every pick, so that on one pick the shuttles movetogethersay to the right. On the nextipick the lower shuttle alone movesto the left. On

the third pick the shuttles pass each other in opposite directions, thelower one moving to the right, and on the fourth pick the lower shuttlealone moves to the left, and the same motions are then repeated. Thesemotions are accomplished innarro w-warelooms as follows: Each shuttle isprovided with a rack,I.| L, into which pinions M M, secured to the railsof the batten N, take, the pinions being turned by sliding racks O O inthe usual manner. The sliding racks O O of the batten N are reciproeatedby straps P P, attached to the ends of the racks and passing overpulleys Q Q, and connecting said racks with the treadles T T. Thesetreadles are thrown down by cams R R on the cam-shaft S, and are raisedby the straps-that is, when the treadle at one end of the rack goes downit draws the rack endwise, and by means of the strap at the other end of'the same rack lifts the corresponding treadle attached to saidlast-named strap. The particular cam-shaft S here shown revolves once infour picks, and has at the right-hand end two cams, R R, one of which,R, operates the treadle T of the upper rack, O, and is of the shapeshown, being in principle, however, a radial arm with its outer endrounded off to lessen friction on the treadle T. The other cam, R, onthe same end of the cam-shaft, which cam operates the treadle T of thelower rack, 0, is doublethat is, extends both ways radially from saidshaft and parallel with the cam R. Now, at the leftcorresponding cams RR are ofthe same shape as those already described, the single cam Rbeing parallel to the other single cam R, but extending in the oppositedirection from the cam-shaft, while the IIO other double cam R is atright angles to the first double cam R. The parts are so arranged. thatboth shuttles move only when the prism is rising and up, and that whenthe prism is falling or down the lower shuttle only is thrown.

In weaving goods of the class for which this loom is speciallyadapted-that is, silk-faced goods-the body of the goods being of cottonor other material, it is common to have a rising and falling batten-thatis, a batten which rises to put the filling of the lower shuttle intothe body of the fabric and falls to allow the upper shuttle to passunder the figure-threads which are raised by the hooks. Where thebatten'so rises and falls it is necessary that only one of the shuttlesshould be thrown at a time, because there is only one shed; but in myloom, owing to the fact that all the hooks are lifted, there are twosheds at every other pick, the lower shed being formed of the warpswhich make the body of the fabric, a few of the silk or figure threadsbeing also in the top of the lower shed, and the upper shed consistingof the top of the lower shed and the remainder ofthefigure-threads, thelatter forming the top of the upper shed. Now, in such a loom, having arising and falling batten, the upper shuttle moves every third pick, sothat the lower shuttle must stand still every third pick, andconsequently such a loom will weave only two-thirds as fast as mine ifboth are run at the same rate of speed but the rising and falling of thebatten necessarily make the loom move more slowly, so that I gain herein speed.

I claim as my invention- 1. The combination of the hooks H with theprism 13, the stop 1, and mechanism for giving to said prism and stop areciprocating motion, as and for the purpose specified.

2. The combination of the prism B, patterncard 0, books H, stop I, andmechanism for giving to said prism, card, and stop a reciprocatingmotionat every other pick of theloom, with the upper shuttle, K, and mechanismfor throwing the same at every other pick, as and for the purposespecified.

3. The combination of the prism B, patterncard O,hooks H, stop I, andmechanism for givin gto said prism, card, and stop a reciprocatingmotion at every other pick of the loom, with the upper shuttle, K, andmechanism for throwing the same at every other pick, and the lowershuttle, K, and mechanism for throwing the same at every pick, andharnesses D and mechanism for operating them, as and for the purposespecified.

JOHN O. FEYER.

Witnesses: I

ALBERT M. MOORE, L G. LYFORD.

